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Summarise the historic use of management of woodlands Free Essays

Here I need to concentrate with respect to Stopover which I began to look all starry eyed from the outset: Brashness Wood. â€Å"Brashness Wood is km east of Oxford City, focused at Grid Reference SEPSIS’S. It is on the south-western lower inclines of Stopover Hill and Is inside Stopover Country Park. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sum up the memorable utilization of the board of forests or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Visit Hill is In the topographical zone known as the Mid-vale Ridge or Upper Thames Basin and Is In the Stopover Conservation Target Area (TAVERN, I know from my work as Chair of the â€Å"Friends of Magdalene Wood†, that the site Is overseen by the Oxford City Council. The â€Å"Parks-Team† is dealing with the recreation center with a group of volunteers, who are prepared in copping and pillaring and they support the different â€Å"Friends† bunches all over Oxford. In a report that orders â€Å"Brashness Wood† as a â€Å"Site of Special Scientific Interest SSI) advised under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981† the administration of the wood is portrayed as followed: â€Å"Brashness Wood has an all around characterized replicated with-norms structure and Is one of only a handful not many English woods which is still effectively oversaw by this customary strategy. Most of the wood Is an antiquated remainder of Stopover Forest with a reported history going back to the thirteenth century. The wood Lies on ineffectively depleted Simmering dirts yet Elliott limestone happens near the south western limit and the nearness of lime-adoring plants recommends that it outcrops somewhere else in the DOD. The greenery is incredibly rich for a wood of this size with 221 recorded vascular plant species including 46 which are normal for antiquated woodland(2). The forest has every one of the four layers all around created: Canopy: Oak (develop, in plenitude), Field Maple (broad), Aspen, Wild Cherry. Modest quantities of: Silver Birch, Beech, Rowan and Yew. Debris is bound to more up to date portions of the wood (Open Brashness, ongoing starting point got from an open normal). Bush layer: Hazel (prevailing), Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Midland Hawthorn, Crab Apple, Held Maple, Dogwood, Ash, Holly and Elm suckers (all In plenitude). Littler measures of Guilder Rose, Wayfaring and Spindle (Southern part). Field layer: â€Å"Rich and differed, the structure of which Is reliant on the phase of copping. Brier commands Buttercup (Rancorous auricles), Repine (Sedum phone), Nettle Leaved Bellflower (Campanile injustices), Spurge Laurel (Daphne tree), Blackcurrant (Rib’s Ingram), Wood Meadow-grass (Pop commemorations) and Bearded Couch (Olympus Canines) happen. In as of late cleared territories plants, for example, Henbane (Housecoats Niger) and Deadly Nightshade (Troop Belladonna) may prosper for a brief timeframe. (3)† We additionally mind a system of crooked rides (convergences and two lakes). Ground: Stopover Wildlife †a nearby natural life bunch which has examined Stopover since 1999 and has significant information about the old forest †has distinguished more than 100 Bryophytes (greeneries and liverworts) just as a gigantic assortment of lichens(4). â€Å"The vegetation of Stopover has been read by botanists for as long as 300 years and some of Britain’s most punctual logical assortments were made here. The shielded open sods, sandy banks, scour forest, wet flushes and stream banks of Stopover Hill are of exceptional entomological premium. A generous number of uncommon species happen here, especially among the Dippier (genuine flies) and Calculate (honey bees, wasps and ants). The recorded aggregate of 174 Calculate species is one of the most elevated in Britain and albeit huge numbers of these have not been found lately, the territory is as yet a significant one. Visit Hill is additionally of nearby significance for rearing and wintering winged creatures. â€Å"(5) One of the pioneers who built up a considerable administration plan was David Steel, who spent quite a while in the forested areas contemplating it. His distribution â€Å"Stopover †The Natural History of a Royal Forest† which was distributed without anyone else at Brashness Farm n 1984 is a rich wellspring of data about this delightful forest. He says about Brashness Wood, that â€Å"an dynamic copping strategy [which he developed] has given the wood the entire scope of black market age-classes. The broad arrangement of rides, gave in light of the fact that the wood is an open enhancement, brings about numerous colorful edges which are both appealing and of high nature protection esteem. (6)† â€Å"Stopover Wildlife† allude a ton to crafted by David Steel and have proceeded with his extraordinary work. I directed a meeting with Ivan Wright (Co-originator of the gathering and one of the stirs) about their significant administration plan, which goes route past what is occurring right now. I gained from that meet that advanced methods of copping frequently annihilate uncommon species and natural surroundings since it must be done in scurry and for monetary reasons, instead of forestallment reasons. Gatherings like â€Å"Stopover Wildlife† are important for proficient overseeing groups, since they can give their exceptional information to help protect whatever number species in our forests as would be prudent. Recklessness Wood is overseen all the time by the Oxford parks group, following an administration plan for the site. The bottomless Hazel is replicated much of the time, the trees are overseen, Brambles are gathered up †all done while remembering that the principle objective here is the preservation of the semi-normal space where conceivable. The board history: â€Å"The antiquated forests in and around Stopover Hill have been as Brashness Wood has a reported history returning to the sass’s. (7)† Elisabeth I allowed Brashness College the executives of their 80 section of land duplicated in 1570. This forest got known as Brashness Wood and had been let on a progression of 21 - year leases until 1935. There is no record of copping pivot for this period. The wood as then offered to the Citizens of (Oxford City Council). â€Å"Current and past signs exhibit the low quality of the black market at Brashness Wood (Fuller and Steel, 1990). Somewhere in the range of 1920 and 1973 copping was extremely irregular, and incorporated a noteworthy time of around 40 years in which for all intents and purposes no copping was completed (peers comma. D. Steel). Hazel was incidentally duplicated by wanderers around 1940. By the backtalk the replicated had gotten neglected, however another rotational system was presented by David Steel; the then supervisor of the SSI and answerable for accomplishing SSI status for the save in 1986. 8)† Current circumstance: We locate the accompanying natural surroundings in Brashness Wood Copied remains with Oak norms Areas of lasting non-mediation Ancient limit banks Veteran trees Fallen and standing dead wood Species-rich rides Bridleways Streams Ponds Brashness Wood estimates 27. Aha altogether including a bit of forest toward the southeast, known as Open Brashness. As referenced above, Brashness Wood is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSI). â€Å"The forest sort is a Biodiversity Action Plan (ABA) need living space alluded to as ‘Lowland blended broadleaved woodland’. The National Vegetation Classification (Iredell, 1991) for Brashness Wood is WWW forest (Ash, Field Maple, Dog Mercury). Old semi-common forests have been in presence since in any event 1600. (9)† Copping was continued at Brashness Wood in 1973, with around a large portion of a hectare cut yearly, contingent upon labor. In 2000 the missing Deer returned into the forest with the goal that it got important to fence the recently duplicated zones to keep the Deer from perusing the new development. Most fences have been expelled now. The different rides have been cut two times per year (Spring Autumn) and there had been some wood chipping and consuming of ash by the City Council. In 2008/9 the administration was seriously decreased! â€Å"The Oxford City Council ‘efficiency audit of 2008/9 brought about the Countryside Service being disbanded in January 2010 and the post of Senior Ranger being ended. 10)†. The administrations would now just incorporate cutting, way support and uncommon demands by Stopover Wildlife. I know from conversing with the Parks-Team Oxford, that a gathering of volunteers has been shaped under the direction of one of the officers, to complete copping and other administration undertakings all over Oxford. Visit Wildlife themselves eave began a considerable administrati on plan and completed the majority of the copping and preservation work themselves. They guarantee that they accomplish crafted by 5 workers on an intentional premise (individual remark Ivan Wright, 8/11/13). They built up a Rota Brashness Wood is poor, taking around 18 years to reach ‘Optimum’ stage The moderate re-development is generally because of the shallow earth soil, which is somewhat acidic and low in supplements. The present accentuation for copping is on the improvement of natural surroundings quality for untamed life assorted variety [†¦ ]. (11)† Stopover Wildlife even began testing tit high copping to keep the deer from perusing and to address the issues of spineless creatures that are subject to old replicated stools. They began the investigation in Winter 2008/2009, assigning one region, where Hazel was cut at 1. 2 meters that ought not be perused by deer by any stretch of the imagination. This test in re-development has not been as effective as the gathering was trusting, since countless poles subsided. This has additionally been talked about with the ranger service commission (individual remark Ivan Wright, 8/11/13). As a control they additionally duplicated a region in the conventional manner ground level) to be eaten by the deer. Furthermore, in a third region, the gathering cut at 0. meters which â€Å"may get eaten, and this is being checked. In the event that, as we think, Brashness is for the most part populated with Mutant Deer, we may pull off a genuinely low duplicated tallness, which would be increasingly alluring to assist forest verdure. 4† Ivan let me know in the meeting that the mediu

Learned Helplessness - What It Is and Why It Happens

Learned Helplessness - What It Is and Why It Happens Theories Behavioral Psychology Print What Is Learned Helplessness and Why Does it Happen? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 19, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview History Adults Children Mental Health Conditions Overcoming View All Back To Top When bad things happen, we like to believe that we would do whatever necessary to change the situation. Research on what is known as learned helplessness has shown that when people feel like they have no control over what happens, they tend to simply give up and accept their fate. What Is Learned Helplessness? Learned helplessness occurs when an animal is repeatedly subjected to an aversive stimulus that it cannot escape. Eventually, the animal will stop trying to avoid the stimulus and behave as if it is utterly helpless to change the situation. Even when opportunities to escape are presented, this learned helplessness will prevent any action. While the concept is strongly tied to animal psychology and behavior, it can also apply to many situations involving human beings. When people feel that they have no control over their situation, they may begin to behave in a helpless manner. This inaction can lead people to overlook opportunities for relief or change. The Discovery of Learned Helplessness The concept of learned helplessness was discovered accidentally by psychologists  Martin Seligman  and Steven F. Maier. They had initially observed helpless behavior in dogs that were classically conditioned to expect an electrical shock after hearing a tone. Later, the dogs were placed in a shuttlebox that contained two chambers separated by a low barrier. The floor was electrified on one side, and not on the other. The dogs previously subjected to the  classical conditioning  made no attempts to escape, even though avoiding the shock simply involved jumping over a small barrier. To investigate this phenomenon, the researchers then devised another experiment. In group one, the dogs were strapped into harnesses for a period of time and then released.The dogs in the second group were placed in the same harnesses but were subjected to electrical shocks that could be avoided by pressing a panel with their noses.The third group received the same shocks as those in group two, except that those in this group were not able to control the shock. For those dogs in the third group, the shocks seemed to be completely random and outside of their control. The dogs were then placed in a shuttlebox. Dogs from the first and second group quickly learned that jumping the barrier eliminated the shock. Those from the third group, however, made no attempts to get away from the shocks. Due to their previous experience, they had developed a cognitive expectation that nothing they did would prevent or eliminate the shocks. Learned Helplessness in People The impact of learned helplessness has been demonstrated in different animal species, but its effects can also be seen in people. Consider one often-used example: A child who performs poorly on math tests and assignments will quickly begin to feel that  nothing  he does will have any effect on his math performance. When later faced with any type of math-related task, he may experience a sense of helplessness. Learned helplessness has also been associated with several different psychological disorders. Depression, anxiety,  phobias, shyness, and  loneliness  can all be exacerbated by learned helplessness. For example, a woman who feels shy in social situations may eventually begin to feel that there is nothing she can do to overcome her symptoms. This sense that her symptoms are out of her direct control may lead her to stop trying to engage herself in social situations, thus making her shyness even more pronounced. Researchers have found, however, that learned helplessness does not always generalize across all settings and situations. A student who experiences learned helpless with regards to math class will not necessarily experience that same helplessness when faced with performing calculations in the real world. In other cases, people may experience learned helplessness that generalizes across a wide variety of situations. The Role of Explanatory Styles So what explains why some people develop learned helplessness and others do not? Why is it specific to some situations but more global in others? Many researchers believe that attribution or explanatory styles play a role in determining how people are impacted by learned helplessness. This view suggests that an individuals characteristic style of explaining events helps determine whether or not they will develop learned helplessness. A pessimistic explanatory style is associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing learned helplessness. People with this explanatory style tend to view negative events as being inescapable and unavoidable and tend to take personal responsibility for such negative events. Learned Helplessness in Children Learned helpless often originates in childhood, and unreliable or unresponsive caregivers can contribute to these feelings. This learned helplessness can begin very early in life. Children raised in institutionalized settings, for example, often exhibit symptoms of helplessness even during infancy. When children need help but no one comes to their aid, they may be left feeling that nothing they do will change their situation. Repeated experiences that bolster these feelings of helplessness and hopelessness can result in growing into adulthood ultimately feeling that there is nothing one can do to change his or her problems. Some common symptoms of learned helplessness in children include: Low self-esteemPassivityPoor motivationGiving upLack of effortFrustrationProcrastinationFailure to ask for help Learned helplessness can also result in anxiety, depression, or both. When kids feel that theyve had no control over the past events of their lives, they gain the expectation that future events will be just as uncontrollable. Because they believe that nothing they do will ever change the outcome of an event, kids are often left thinking that they should not even bother trying. Academic struggles can often lead to feelings of learned helplessness. A child who makes an effort to do well but still does poorly may end up feeling that he has no control over his grades or performance. Since nothing he does seems to make any difference, he will stop trying and his grades will suffer even more. Such problems can also affect other areas of the childs life. His poor performance in school can make him feel that nothing he does is right or useful, so he may lose the motivation to try in other areas of his life as well. Learned Helplessness in Mental Health Learned helplessness is thought to contribute to feelings of anxiety and may influence the onset, severity, and persistence of conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). When you experience chronic anxiety, you may eventually give up on finding relief because your anxious feelings seem unavoidable and untreatable. Because of this, people who are experiencing mental health issues such as anxiety or depression may refuse medications or therapy that may help relieve their symptoms. As people age, learned helplessness can become something of a vicious cycle. When encountering problems such as anxiety or depression, people may feel that nothing can be done to ease these feelings. People then fail to seek out options that may help which then contributes to greater feelings of helplessness and anxiety. Overcoming Learned Helplessness So what can people do to overcome learned helplessness?  Research suggests that learned helplessness can be successfully decreased, particularly if intervention occurs during early onset. Long-term learned helplessness can also be reduced, although it may require longer-term effort. Therapy can be effective in reducing symptoms of learned helplessness. In one study, for example, some participants were asked to try to complete an unsolvable task. Those who received a therapeutic intervention after failing at the task were more likely to try again and successfully complete a follow-up task. Those who did not receive an intervention were more likely to experience learned helplessness and give up. So what can people do to overcome learned helplessness? Cognitive-behavioral therapy  is form of psychotherapy that can be beneficial in overcoming the thinking and behavioral patterns that contribute to learned helplessness. The goal of CBT is to help patients identify negative thought patterns that contribute to feelings of learned helplessness and then replace these thoughts with more optimistic and rational thoughts. This process often involves carefully analyzing what you are thinking, actively challenging these ideas, and disputing negative thought patterns. A Word From Verywell Learned helplessness can have a profound impact on mental health and well-being. People who experience learned helplessness are also likely to experience symptoms of  depression, elevated stress levels, and less  motivation  to take care of their physical health. Not everyone responds to experiences the same way. Some people are more likely to experience learned helplessness in the face of uncontrollable events, often due to biological and psychological factors. Children raised by helpless parents, for example, are also more likely to experience learned helplessness. If you feel that learned helplessness might be having a negative impact on your life and health, consider talking to your doctor about steps you can take to address this type of thinking. Further evaluation can lead to an accurate diagnosis and treatment that can help you replace your negative thought patterns with more positive ones. Such treatment may allow you to replace feelings of learned helplessness with a sense of learned optimism instead.

Marketing Analysis Marketing And Logistics Essay

Logistics basically related to four main marketing efforts, which are price, promotion, product and place. Price means the price of shipping cost, different distribution plan would have influences on the cost of shipping. Marketing and logistics group should cooperate to set a balanced between the product price and the shipping cost because shipping large volume usually have better discount for the transportation company. Promotion obviously will put pressure on the logistics department, depends on â€Å"push† and â€Å"pull† method, the inventory might be out of stock in promotion because the market sometime is hard to predict. Product itself would also have a big influence on logistics, because of the requirement of sale, the design of the product’s package and itself would have impacts on the inventory and transportation efficiency. For example, some product design need big shipping package for protection which will waste space on pallets and truck. The place decision is also important for logistics and marketing, dealing with different partner would have big differences on transportation. Retailers usually have frequent and small quantity order; its insufficient lead time would cause high price transportation when there is stock shortage, but wholesale often have large quantity order and more stable demand. b) What are the different types of utility, and how does logistics directly or indirectly affect each one? There are five types of utility which form, time, place, quantityShow MoreRelatedThe Starbucks Corporations Marketing Strategy1293 Words   |  5 PagesStarbucks Marketing Strategy: The Starbuck Corporation is considered as the one of the leading firms across the globe in specialty coffee consumption. 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Poetry Close Reading John Clares I Am - 1571 Words

Coursework Header Sheet200170-8 || Course|COML1054: CTC: Poetry and Drama|Course School/Level|HU/UG| Coursework|Poetry Close Reading|Assessment Weight|20.00%| Tutor|HG Derbyshire, ED Jones, A King|Submission Deadline|06/11/2012| Analyse a Romantic poem showing understanding of context and form. 1,500 words.| Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student s own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the University s Regulations regarding Cheating and Plagiarism.| 000659175 Cherry Hurley Tutor s comments†¦show more content†¦For me, it also creates a calming effect with the over-all atmosphere of the poem; although the narrator is tormented and suffering, they still appear calm, as though reaching this decision of not wanting to live any more is almost freeing them; like making the final move towards ‘Heaven’ will be good for them. It is in line 12 that I found another interesting use of written pause, with- â€Å"Are strange – nay, rather, stranger than the rest.† –This creates a very conversational tone, and gives us the impression that they are confiding with us, or maybe talking to themselves and that we are listening in on something personal, the way they correct themselves half way through a sentence/ line. It also draws us back to the feeling of total honesty, as they are not perfecting their speech, just saying how they feel at that moment. I found I Am to be fairly modern in comparison to other Romantic works of that era, and I believe the reason behind this is that Clare doesn’t limit himself and his work here by keeping strictly to certain methods of rhyme or line endings; for example the first stanza is 6 lines worth of alternating couplets, one couplet of which doesn’t even completely rhyme in terms of sound; ‘lost’ (end of line 2) and ‘host’ (end of line 4). This is more consonance than rhyme. The other two stanzas then go on in a ‘Venus and Adonis’ style with line ending s

The Subtle Body System Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(148) " am with my love in the stellar, it is by and large free of any lower organic structure emotions, and our love is able to flux, without limitation\." The Subtle Body System is made of 7 energy beds that can be found in the energy field, or aura, around a individual ‘s physical organic structure. Each of these beds has a different quiver and it is connected to one of the 7 chief chakras. See below a diagram of the Subtle Body System. We will write a custom essay sample on The Subtle Body System Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now These beds are of import to our wellbeing because they are frequently connected to the physical, psychological, and emotional operation and esthesiss of the physical organic structure. These beds are made of miniscule lines of energy, and are sensitive to alter. They can impact and be affected by other beds, and illness in the physical organic structure. While some beds cover all anatomic countries and variety meats of the physical organic structure, others will protect the religious and psychological domains. Problems in theses beds will be manifested in the physical organic structure of a individual. The Seventh Layer ( The Ketheric Template or Causal Body ) This is the mental degree of the religious plane ( whereas the heavenly organic structure is the emotional degree of the religious plane ) . This organic structure contains all the other organic structures within it and extends up to three and a half pess from the organic structure, frequently in the form of an egg. Its construction is made of a gold, or silvery-gold, and appears as a grid type construction, which is really lasting. It pulsates and vibrates at a really high velocity and within this degree ; we â€Å" know † we are one with God. This organic structure besides contains the chief Kundalini force that runs up and down the organic structure. First Layer ( The Etheric Body ) This is the closest energy organic structure to the physical. It is what is made apparent through Kirlian picture taking. The etheric organic structure extends one one-fourth to two inches beyond the physical organic structure and pulsates at about 15-20 rhythms per minute. The full organic structure, including variety meats, can be perceived but it is made of a blue ( emotional ) or grey visible radiation ( extremely active ) . Subtle Body Systems Second Layer ( The Emotional Body ) Since this is the emotional organic structure, it is associated with feelings. It is more unstable in nature, and does non double the organic structure, as does the etheric organic structure. This organic structure is about one to three inches from the physical organic structure. Unlike the etheric organic structure, which is bluish or gray in nature, this is more like coloured clouds that change color depending on what sort of emotions the individual is traveling through. Love, joy, exhilaration, and even anger will ensue in really superb chromaticities, whereas confused emotions will ensue in muddy tones. This organic structure contains all the colors in the rainbow. The Sixth Layer ( The Celestial Body ) This is the religious emotional plane where a individual will experience things such as cloud nine, and religious rapture. When we reach the topographic point of Godhead love, interconnection ( by and large through deep speculation ) we are touching on this plane, which is felt through our heavenly organic structure. When we raise our degree of consciousness, or consciousness, to the 6th degree of the aura, we have allowed a connexion to go on from the bosom chakra and the heavenly chakra. Through this, we can love non merely our fellow adult male ( the bosom chakra ) but do so with godly love ( heavenly chakra ) . The colors of this organic structure are really soft in nature ( pastel ) and glow quietly from the organic structure. Third Layer ( The Mental Body ) With an even more elusive composing, the mental organic structure holds our ideas and mental procedures. It extends three to eight inches from the organic structure, and by and large has a xanthous visible radiation, which radiates around the caput and shoulders, and extends to the organic structure below. This yellow will lighten up if a individual is deep in idea, or concentrating on mental activities. Although the coloring material associated with this organic structure is xanthous, other colorss are apparent if there is an emotion associated with the idea ( stemming from the emotional organic structure ) . The Fifth Layer ( The Etheric Body ) This is what you would name a templet for the lower templet organic structure ( the first organic structure referenced ) . This is the templet that exists before the physical organic structure is formed. Although this co-exists in a different dimension, it besides extends one and one half to two pess from the organic structure and can merely be seen by clairvoyants and really advanced therapists. This is an of import bed in mending if the lower etheric organic structure becomes disfigured as this is the true edifice block to the lower etheric. This templet has a dark blue chromaticity to it. Fourth Layer ( The Astral degree ) This is the true span to the religious plane! When we start to work with this plane, and supra, our perceptual experience and abilities leap from the physical to the subtle. Here we will get down to comprehend energies that are non of this vibrational frequence. The organic structure of the stellar is composed of gorgeous clouds of coloring material, which extend six inches or one pes from the organic structure. Not merely does it hold the same colors of the rainbow like the emotional organic structure, but a pink, or rose chromaticity is frequently present with these colorss, particularly if the individual is a loving one. The stellar plane is besides called the â€Å" emotional † plane, which ties it strongly to the bosom chakra and the 2nd subtle organic structure ( the emotional organic structure ) . Because it is so closely tied to the emotions, when people fall in love, great chromaticities of pink can be seen hiting from their bosom chakra. This is besides why when we a re in the stellar, our emotions are greatly enhanced either manner. When I am with my love in the stellar, it is by and large free of any lower organic structure emotions, and our love is able to flux, without limitation. You read "The Subtle Body System Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Why is it of import non to know apart between clients ( or co-workers ) and esteem their cultural background? Discriminating is against the jurisprudence, and everyone has the right to similar intervention. Discrimination comes in varied formats and we need to be cognizant of the little behaviors, words or thoughts that might pique people and their cultural background. We need to look everyone the same manner. If healers discriminate, they can be taken to tribunal, and even lose their licence. Besides, as good professionals and healers we should non know apart because we need people to come back and their regard. If we discriminate people we will lose their regard for ourselves and our work. If a healer does non hold clients or co-workers to work with, they will hold to close their concern. Furthermore, if a healer discriminates he/she will convey negativeness to their work. That feeling and attitude will alter the class of a therapy, and may even convey opposing consequences to the 1s desired. If a healer is ever discriminatory and negative, people will non come back and their concern will endure. How might you have to accommodate processs when giving interventions to a member of the opposite sex ; a minor, or person from a different cultural background? Adapting processs can come in assorted formats. For illustration, if handling bush leagues they have to ever be accompanied by their parents or responsible relation. Either the relations will be in the room detecting the intervention, or they can be outside the room with the door unfastened where they can detect from a certain distance. I would besides hold to explicate the child, prior to the intervention, what the intervention entitles and in an accessible format. Crystals have to be adapted to the kid in footings of size, weight, and that crystals do non hold excessively strong energy that the childs can non manage. To handle people of the opposite sex I would supply the client all available information, to explicate that certain crystals would be put into certain countries of the organic structure. I would offer and blanket or towel to cover the individual ‘s organic structure, to do certain the individual is experiencing comfy and safe, and to avoid touching countries of their organic structure whilst puting or taking crystals. I could disrupt the intervention if the lady needed to utilize the lavatory for personal grounds, for illustration if they were pregnant or had the period. When handling people from a different cultural background, I would do certain that any of my information or parts of the intervention would non pique the individual. For illustration, if the individual was an atheist or agnostic, and did non believe in angels, I would non advert any of that to them. On the other manus, if the individual is a Buddhist or Hindu, I would non advert God to them, to esteem their ain beliefs. However if they asked I would be ever available to reply any of their inquiries with honestness and unity. What statute law exists to forestall favoritism on evidences of sex, race, faith or disablement? Peoples who provide services or installations to the populace or a subdivision of the populace must non know apart on evidences of sex, race, faith or disablement in declining or intentionally excluding to supply services or installations to others. There are other types of favoritism, sing sexual orientation, gender and age. There are some exclusions covered by the jurisprudence, but in general, everyone should be given the right to entree services independently of their diverseness. This means, if a healer breaks the jurisprudence they can be taken to tribunal, and they can be fined or their services stopped. The chief relevant act in disputing favoritism is the Human Rights Act 1998, which incorporates the rights contained in the European Convention of Human Rights in the UK jurisprudence. However this Act is more relevant for public organic structures, such as constabularies, local governments, or other private organic structures exerting public maps. In certain circumstance favoritism needs to be achieved, for illustration if an organisation needs to use a adult female to provide for female customers/clients. Other illustration of justified favoritism would be an organisation who would merely accept a healer if they trained in the UK. Furthermore, a healer may decline to see a client if they are under age, or have certain conditions, such as epilepsy, or are even pregnant. These types of favoritism would necessitate to be justified and made clear during first contact between client and healer. Otherwise, statute law to protect people from favoritism is as follows, including to protect from direct and indirect favoritism, positive and negative favoritism, exploitation and torment. Sexual activity Discrimination – It is improper to know apart against person on evidences that they are female or male, on evidences that they are pregnant, on evidences of their matrimonial position or on evidences of their gender reassignment position ( i.e. whether the individual has undergone, or programs to undergo, gender reassignment ) .A The chief pieces of statute law here are the Equal Pay Act 1970 and Sex Discrimination Act 1976.A As with many of the anti-discrimination Acts, these pieces of statute law have been amended several times since they were foremost introduced. In some circumstance I could decline to see a client who is pregnant or merely been into recent childbearing, with the justification that the therapy is unsuitable due to the degrees of energy involved. ACHO codification of behavior provinces: Practitioners must non go to adult females in childbearing or handle them for 10 yearss thenceforth unless they hold an appropriate making in obstetrics. Race Discrimination – The Race Relations Act 1976 is the chief piece of statute law, and screens race favoritism in employment, preparation, instruction, lodging, proviso of goods and services, and advertisement. This means that it is improper to know apart against person on evidences of their: race ( e.g. whether they are African or Caucasic ) , their coloring material ( e.g. whether they are black or white ) , nationality ( e.g. whether person is Polish or Indian ) , their national beginning ( e.g. whether person is Scots or English ) or their cultural beginning ( e.g. whether person is a Gypsy Traveller ) . In 2001 this act was amended by the Race Relations Act 2000 to include favoritism by all public organic structures. As a healer it would be against the jurisprudence to handle person different because of any facet of their race, unless this would collide with their wants or civilization. I could accommodate a service to provide for a client specific demand, but I could n on do the intervention less or more just because of their race. I could know apart in declining and intervention if a client asked me to supply a peculiar service to which I would non be to the full trained. Religious Discrimination – It is improper to know apart against person because of their faith or belief. The chief pieces of statute law here are the Employment Equality ( Religion or Belief ) Regulations 2003 and the Equality Act 2006. Again, employment issues and the bringing of educational chances, goods and services are covered by these ordinances. Everyone is covered by the ordinances, irrespective of whether or non they have a spiritual belief. It is hence possible to be unlawfully discriminated against because you do non hold a spiritual belief ( e.g. because you are an atheist ) . So, once more whilst supplying a service I have to do certain I treat my client reasonably irrespectively of their personal beliefs. My therapy should so non be guided by a peculiar religion, but be holistic in attack and eclectic in nature. Disability Discrimination – The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 ( DDA ) protects handicapped people from discrimination.A In kernel, a handicapped individual is defined as being anyone who has a long-run mental or physical damage which has a important impact on the individual ‘s ability to transport out usually daily activities.A This is a wide definition, which does non merely cover people with a centripetal damage ( e.g. person who is deaf, hard of hearing, blind or partially-sighted ) or person with a mobility impairment.A It can besides cover people with important mental wellness troubles, person with a important facial disfiguration, or person with a long-run medical status – such as HIV, malignant neoplastic disease, diabetes or epilepsy. However, in certain circumstance a healer may decline to handle people with certain mental damage or under alcohol/drug influence. For illustration, the ACHO codification of behavior provinces â€Å" Discretion must be used for the protection of the practician when transporting out private intervention with patients/clients who are mentally unstable, addicted to drugs, intoxicant, badly down, self-destructive or enduring from hallucinations. Such patients/clients must be treated merely by a practician with relevant competence. A practician must non handle a patient/client in any instance which exceeds their capacity, preparation and competency. Where appropriate, the practician must rede referral to a more qualified individual. † This discretion is for the protection of both practician and client. What is meant by a Code of Conduct? Give illustrations of how this might impact you as a healer? A Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines to pass on an outlook of ethical behavior to members of an organisation. For illustration, therapists that pattern under a regulative organic structure will hold a codification of behavior to steer them. In this instance duty for ethical behavior is a personal duty and every practician will be held accountable for his or her behavior. The Code of Conduct is a model within which all healers are expected to run. Although a Code of Conduct addresses a figure of specific issues, it should non be regarded as a comprehensive listing of conformity issues. Alternatively, the Code of Conduct should be regarded as a steering rule that applies to everything that we do. As a healer I am bound by the contents of the Code of Conduct. For illustration: I should maintain client confidentiality, and ne’er unwrap personal inside informations about clients in ways which the information can be linked to the patient unless required to make so under statutory authorization or at the petition of a legal authorization, such as a justice, or in the public involvement. If I break this regulation I can be taken to tribunal, be prosecuted and loose rank of the organisation. Detailss of clients medical status, history, current medicine and intervention ( if any ) along with intervention, advancement and notes, peculiarly if an incident occurs, must be written down for mention. This could be critical if any incident resulting from intervention goes to tribunal, and can protect my work if I was non responsible for the incident or unwellness. Therapists should hold appropriate professional liability insurance screen for their work. This is besides reassuring to the organisation and clients that I am serious about my work. Why should you non seek to name medical conditions? First of all, I am non medically trained to make so. It is non portion of this therapy to name any medical conditions. I understand that some people may be medically trained, but since this therapy is portion of the complementary wellness scope it is non appropriate to name any medical conditions with the limited cognition or appraisals used in crystal therapy. Even if I found that by utilizing my custodies or a crystal a client had some specific jobs I would non propose to the client any earnestness of any country, instead to see their physician if they complained about it to me. Which professional organic structures could you fall in? What would be the advantages of fall ining one of these administrations? At present there is no statutory regulative organic structure that requires all crystal healers to register. Besides, crystal therapy is non a protected profession and the rubric is non being regulated by the authorities. Alternatively, at present, there are many organisations with voluntary registries and healers may fall in. Each organisation has their ain rank standards and preparation demands, and some of these organisations will merely accept healers who have studied in their ain approved schools or class suppliers. For illustration, the class supplier for this class is associated with the Affiliation of Crystal Healing Organisations ( ACHO ) , and follows their ain Code of Conduct and rank standards. ACHO besides holds their ain voluntary registry for healers, and people may fall in to demo they are ethical and are interested in protecting the populace from mal-practice. At this point I would presume that organisations may hold with most portion of their codifications of behavior and Ethical motives, in specific for the protection of the populace and the advancement of the profession. Unfortunately, the diverseness of such organic structures, and the relaxation in which some accept any healer, may antagonize with reassuring the populace that a certain healer might be more or less ethical than others. However, any organisation that holds a registry is a soothing manner to demo other professions and the populace that they are serious about what they do, and their healers follow their codification of behavior, are qualified to a good criterion, and keep some kind of insurance. Examples of organisations I, or anyone practicing crystal therapy, could fall in are: PRACTITIONER REGISTER FOR HOLISTIC THERAPY – The Practitioner Register for Holistic Therapies is unfastened to all Practitioners, which have achieved the criterion set by the association.A The association sets a Code of behavior and a grudge process. PRHT, is a Member Organisation of the British Complementary Medicine Association ( BCMA ) – www.bcma.co.uk. Their website isA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.christinestar.org.uk/PRHT.html. Association of Energy Therapists – Membership of the Association is unfastened to good develop experient practicians in a comprehensive scope of energy therapies, integrating an energy component in their nucleus methodological analysis. Their web site is: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.energytherapists.org.uk/join.html The Healer Foundation – Membership is unfastened for new members and we welcome attacks from qualified healers across UK. Their web site is: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healerfound.co.uk/joinus.htm Affiliation of Crystal Healing Organisations ( ACHO ) – promotes preparation and competency in crystal healing therapy and to move as portion of a nationally recognised representative organic structure for crystal healing. ACHO is a member of the British Crystal Healers ( BCH ) , which is the lead organic structure for crystal therapy and member of the General Regulatory Council for Complementary Therapies ( GRCCT ) . ACHO maintains a Practitioner Register of qualified crystal therapists throughout the U.K. Their web site is: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.crystal-healing.org. Crystal and Healing Federation ( CHF ) – an umbrella organisation whose intent is to put and uphold changeless high professional criterions of preparation and pattern in the undermentioned Fieldss. They hold a Practitioner Register of qualified crystal therapists. The CHF is a member of the British Crystal Healers ( BCH ) and the Complementary Medical Association ( CMA ) . Their web site is: hypertext transfer protocol: //new.crystalandhealing.com/ Benefits of fall ining one of these organisations include: Community experience and Peer support The chance to be portion of a web of like- minded equals and co-workers. Be in their website registry This means the pattern is approved, more concern, ethical, and reassuring to the populace. Clients can happen you either from the regional listing or straight after seeking the cyberspace Promotion for the therapy Advertise to web members and to the populace on the organisation ‘s web site and via bases at complementary wellness carnivals Occasional meetings Meet co-workers, exchange experiences and thoughts CPD A ; ongoing preparation Keep your making and develop your accomplishments with a pick of workshops and meetings that qualify for CPD Learn new therapy accomplishments Sometimes other instruction programmes are developed to supply an extended scope of developing from one-day workshops to a two- twelvemonth Professional Healer Practitioner Course Privileged insurance rates Specially negotiated with a taking insurance company – frequently better value than traditional insurance companies Membership recognized and accepted by other allied organisations An confederation with the taking and ethical umbrella group for crystal healing and holistic therapies. Guidelines For Good Practice A manual covering ethical and legal guidelines for complementary pattern Action for future ordinance Working in partnership with other organisations in readying for future authorities ordinance that will one twenty-four hours impact all healers. List the benefits of networking and pass oning with other professional healers? One of the chief benefits is to larn from each other, to acquire peer support from more experient practicians, and to guarantee that together as a group we make this therapy more well-thought-of and recognizable by the populace and by other organisations. Sometimes I have inquiries and uncertainties, and if I have entree to other people ‘s cognition I will larn and turn and go a better healer. Other practicians might hold other ways of working that would profit me excessively. Besides, other practicians might hold clients with households and relations in my country, who might be looking for a dependable healer. If I show myself as a respectful and integrative healer to my co-workers, I will hold more opportunities that they will state their clients to state their friends and relations who live in my country to see me. How could you do a professional contact with all parts of the community to promote integrating and common regard? I think that by take parting in activities that involve holistic healing, and particularly crystal therapy, by interchanging thoughts, and give a good illustration and free taste testers, will promote people to look more for this therapy. Besides, sharing information with people allows them to larn and acquire involved. Puting up a good illustration in the community shows people that crystal therapy is more than merely a pattern ; it is a manner of life. I besides think that by taking portion in conferences is a good manner to spread out cognition and webs. I could besides intercede with healer of other patterns, and even my local GP pattern, to publicize my work. This would let other practician and ballad people, who can frequently be doubting of crystal therapy, to admit that my work and I would hold a topographic point in the complex field of wellness therapies. Above everything, if I uphold an honest, forward-thinking, and ethical attack to my work, other professionals and genera l populace will turn regard for me. List some thoughts on how you could advance your professional intervention service in the local community? Ad in local newspapers and magazines Word of oral cavity through old clients and friends Internet web site Talking to local holistic stores and complementary wellness clinics Distributing cusps and brochures in the street Offer services in my local GP pattern Free taste testers in local shows, or even at place Volunteer work Offering free Sessionss to clients if they introduce a friend How to cite The Subtle Body System Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Muslims in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is a region that has been generalized as a Muslim region and yet Indonesia is the only country with a large population of Muslims. There has also been a perception that this region is a threat to the international security because it is known to harbor terrorists and encourage recruitment and training of terrorist. The generalization and perception has caused problems for people with no links to terrorism and Muslim origin; the region is targeted by the international community for terrorism.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Muslims in Southeast Asia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The September attack which took place in the United States of America changed the world view of terrorism and Muslims; the experience made states to see terrorism as a reality (O’Neill 90). This attack raised so many questions regarding international security and the relationships of one state to the other . The issue of the relationship between Muslims and terrorism was also a question which many people still have no answer about. Southeast Asia, being a Muslim dominated region has also been affected by the 9/11 attacks; Muslim dominated regions were seen as the source of terrorists and masterminds of international attacks (Peters 42). Southeast Asia is seen as a threat to international security; this is because it has harbored terrorists, and this is the region where the recruitment of world terrorist and training took place (Ressa 56). This paper will seek the understanding of Muslims in Southeast Asia region and the world generalization of Muslims as terrorists, and discuss why the world views Southeast Asia as a security threat. After the 9/11 attacks, Muslims around the world were confronted with a lot of questions about their religion as well as their religious identity. The Muslim belief system was subjected to extensive discussions both in public forums and in the media. Ther e were questions of whether Muslims were possible in a secular environment; another question was whether the Islam region was in-line with democracy (O’Neill 178). It is believed that Muslims were faced with these issues before the 9/11 attacks; for instance, in 1970s and 1980s urbanization, mass education together with telecommunication developments pluralized religious authority and raised questions on the meaning and Islam’s social relevance. These issues which were faced by Muslims around the world were refreshed by the 9/11 attacks. Southeast Asia being a Muslim dominated region is not exempted from the processes as well as tensions that are faced by the other Islamic dominated region in the world. Conflicts are developing between the Islam religion and the United States and the same applies for Southeast Asia, and the United States leads the war on terrorism in this region (Ressa 67).Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can he lp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The war on terrorism is focused on controlling the region in order to eradicate terrorist threats and to do this eradication, the region should not be generalized as a terrorist region, first, the world should understand the dynamics of Southeast Asia to understand the Southeast Asia Muslims and the evolution of Muslim politics. After the September 11 attack, Muslims in Southeast Asia were worried that they will be involved in the attack; this is because of the generalization of Muslim communities as terrorists. The leaders of Islamic organizations together with leaders from countries with majority of its people being Muslims such as Malaysia and Indonesia showed the difference between Muslims in Southeast Asia and the Muslim terrorist groups whose leaders subscribe to terrorist activities (Ressa 102). The Southeast Asia Islam is generalized with the other Muslim groups in the world because of the ignorance of history of Muslim politics in the region. Southeast Asia has 260 million Muslims, which is almost half the population of this region. The 260 million of Muslims is about 20% of the total population of Muslims in the world. Each country in this region has Muslims with 90% in Indonesia, and 6% in Malaysia. The rest of the countries in this region have Muslim minority population; these countries include Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar and Singapore (O’Neill 304). Indonesia being a country with a big number of Muslims in the world and in Southeast Asian, it has led to the generalization that the Southeast Asian region are purely Muslim and any issue concerning Muslim in the world is generalized to Southeast Asia. Terrorism has been tied to Muslims and countries that are in Southeast Asia are not exceptions; they are affected by the fight against terrorism because they are generalized as Muslims. Southeast Asian Islam is diverse; the region has different approaches to Islamic practi ces and beliefs. The world should understand that Southeast Asia is also a home for non-Muslim communities; therefore, Muslim communities in this region are influenced by non-Islamic religious and cultural traditions (Linden 198). The region is in contrast with the Middle East region; the Middle East is predominantly Muslims, therefore, Southeast Asian Muslims are considered as tolerant and the most moderate when compared to Muslims from the other Muslim regions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Muslims in Southeast Asia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the same, Islam is a political and social force that has mobilized anti-colonial struggles especially in Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. Radical elements in the region clashed with the federal governments; this was at the time they were pushing an Islamic state to be established (Ressa 234). This shows how diverse and pluralistic the Islam is in this region; the politics of Muslims in this region has never produced benign outcomes. Therefore, violent activities that are championed by Islamist groups are evident in the history of Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia is considered as an Islamic region; Islam came to this region through Persian, Indian and Arab traders, who spread it through elite conversion. The spread was not even in the region; some countries such as Indonesia were influenced greatly by the traders who spread Islam to most part of the country, other countries were not influenced greatly, therefore, there is a small percentage of Islamic people. This region is represented as an Islamic region because of Indonesian Muslim population. The traditional cultural beliefs together with the practices influenced the spread of Islam in Singapore and Malaysia, for instance, Sufi beliefs and Islamic beliefs mingled. Islam in these two countries were homogeneous, this was as opposed to Indonesia (Ressa 306). The development of Islam in Southeast Asia introduced groups and practices that subscribed to terrorist activities. This justifies the generalization of Muslim communities to terrorist attacks; also the small groups of terrorists have grown because of the support from terrorist groups outside the region. Southeast Asia is seen as a threat to the international security because of it is dominated by Muslims; it is also known to support terrorists in many ways. This region is known to harbor terrorist organizations; these terrorist organizations have adapted to this region and have become resourceful in a way that they have rendered the counterterrorism strategy devised by those against them ineffective (Ressa 467). Southeast Asia also harbors expansive network terrorist actors; these actors operate from Mindanao as well as from the neighboring islands found in the south of Philippines. This region is a major operation center for Al-Qaida; there is the connection of the Afghan to the Middle East extremi sts.Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Southeast Asian Islamic grievances opened ways to international terrorists; Al-Qaida being a network with Islamic charities and the spread Islamic banks in this region together with a friendly environment for doing business attracted them. This made them to strongly be established in this region. They recruit and train their members in this region and as the world tries hard to fight and these terrorists, more people are absorbed through this recruitment and training. This issue influences the way the world views Southeast Asia when it comes to fighting terrorism; this region puts down the efforts made by the international community to fight terrorism (Peters 45). If they were an anti-terrorism region, they would not have allowed the training and recruitment on in the region. The presence of the Al-Qaeda in Southeast Asia has made the world to believe that this region is the future terrorist. The arrival of Al-Qaeda has changed the regions view of terrorism; the region is now re cruiting terrorists (Linden 213). The Al-Qaeda, when it arrived in this region it helped in the creation of regional terrorist networks, this networks were used to plot attacks against the Western countries; one of these networks is Jemaah Islamiyah, which is believed to have bombed Bali in 2002. This shows that terrorist are not only harboring in this region, but also growing and expanding in the region; this why this region is seen as a threat to international security. Al-Qaeda cells worked together with the radical Islamic groups in Southeast Asia; they provided these groups with money and training, and the training took place in Indonesian, Malaysian and Filipino camps. This shows that the region has militants who are followers of Al-Qaeda and collaborations with the international community to fight the terrorist group cannot be achieved, unless the followers denounce the group (Rashid 352). The Southeast Asia region has been presented as a corrupt region with military organiza tions and government administrations being corrupt; they make the plan of American military to engage the terrorist difficult, they do not offer assistance so that the engagement does not create a human right abuse. Also, Indonesia being a Muslim Dominated country, it offers resistance on any attack made on terrorists; this also justifies the generalization of the world on relations of Muslims and terrorism. This resistance is interpreted as support for terrorism (Rashid 234). However, the world should not attack the whole region in the name of fighting terrorism; this is because, there are other countries in this region such as Philippines, which welcome assistance from the international community to fight terrorist who plan their terrorist activities while in this region. The world knows the threat of Southeast Asian region to security, however, it is difficult to fight the terrorists in the region; the region has 11 countries and the kind of borders present in this region is poro us maritime (Peters 98). There are short distances separating countries in this region; this gives way for transnational terrorism and therefore, it is difficult to maintain border security. There is also a problem in developing effective counterterrorism strategies to deal with terrorist organizations; these terrorist organizations require capabilities that are beyond the military mighty (Linden 345). For any anti-terrorist group to win this battle, they must get support from the Southeast Asian countries, which is very difficult because of the resistance the Muslims have towards anti-terrorism groups. The Southeast Asia is a region with a large population of Muslims and this means that the political forces are influenced by Islam religion and their practices influence even the minority religions in the region, and fighting they practices is not easy, unless they cooperate. The generalization of Muslims in relation to terrorist attacks can have a lot of consequences to the world se curity. When a certain group of Muslims engage in terrorism, it does not mean that each and everyone is a terrorist. In Southeast Asia, Indonesia is the only country with a large population of Muslims; also, this does not mean that all of them are terrorists. In the country we have Muslims and non-Muslims who are not terrorists as well and any generalization would be unfair to those who are not terrorists (Ressa 503). In case of war against terrorism, attacking the whole region of Southeast Asia might kill the innocent people. Indonesia is just one country in Southeast Asian region, and it being a Muslim dominated country does not mean that other the whole region is purely Muslim. The generalization might cause more problems; some of the people who are not Muslims might choose to defect to Muslim and the join the terrorism groups against the anti-terrorism groups. This might be to seek defense and revenge against the non-Muslim groups. The war will now change from being against terr orism to against religion (Rashid 286). If Muslims in Southeast Asia join other Muslims against other religions then there will be no safe region in the world. Also, if all anti-terrorism groups declare war against the Southeast Asian people, then the region will be left without people and the innocent will also be affected. The Southeast Asia is also seen as a threat to international security; this claim might be because it has been a home and a harbor for terrorist groups and network. Also, the region has recruited and trained some groups, which have engaged in terrorist attacks some parts of the world (Peters 112). However, the fight should be against terrorism, and not against a region where terrorist are harboring; this is because this region live other people who are not terrorist. The generalization might cause lead to human right abuse and committing crime against mankind. Generalization of issues when an incident happens like in the case of the 9/11 attack in the United Sta tes is not good, and should not be encouraged; there can be evidence to proof so, but as long as the issue involves a group of people, then there is a possibility that not all of them are guilty of the offense (Linden 467). Therefore, the world should always find suspects and target to deal with the issue for example, the world should target terrorism and terrorist and not a group in which the terrorists belong. In the case of Southeast Asia, terrorism should not be generalized to all people in this region, despite the fact that terrorist harbor in this region. The world should devise ways of identifying the suspects and capture them without involving the innocent people (Rashid 408). Also, the innocent people should also find ways of conveying useful information to the international community to help them fight terrorism or any issue. They should not cooperate with the offenders like in the case of Southeast Asians. This world belongs to us and we should all make it a safe place to live, and avoid generalization. Works Cited Linden, Edward. World Terrorism. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2002. Print. O’Neill, Bard. Insurgency and Terrorism: Inside Modern Revolutionary Warfare. Virginia: Brassey’s Inc, 1990. Print. Peters, Ralph. Beyond Terror: Strategy in a Changing World. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books, 2002. Print. Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. Print. Ressa, Maria. Seeds of Terror: An eyewitness Account of Al-Qaeda’s Newest Center of  Operations in Southeast Asia. New York: Free Press, 2003. Print. This research paper on Muslims in Southeast Asia was written and submitted by user Jaidyn Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.